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[A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [V] [W]
A
audiologist a specialist who identifies, measures and studies hearing
and hearing impairments
auditory trainer a wireless FM device used by a teacher and a hearing
impaired student to amplify sound and allow both
the teacher and student to move about freely
auditory training the methods used to teach hearing impaired students
to make full use of their residual hearing ability
augmentative communication
alternative ways of communicating that do not
use speech
aural perceived
by the ear
autism a severe
childhood disorder involving extreme social isolation,
difficulty communicating, bizarre behavior, echolalia,
limited mental abilities, and delayed development;
a special education category for such children
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B
behavior disorders behavior characteristics that deviate from what is
generally considered normal and that interfere
with the functioning of a student and others
behavior modification using learning principles to produce specific changes
in observable behavior
Braille
a system using raised dots that allows blind students
to "read" using their fingertips
brittle bone disease osteogenesis imperfecta; a hereditary condition in
which the bones are formed improperly and break
very easily
business day by federal definition, "Monday through Friday, except
for Federal and State holidays, unless holidays
are specifically included in the designation of
business day"
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C
cataract an
eye condition in which the lens becomes clouded,
resulting in reduced vision
cerebral palsy a developmental disability resulting from brain damage
before, during or soon after birth; characterized
by weakness or paralysis of the extremities, poor
coordination and other motor problems
certificate of educational convenience (CEC)
authorization for a student to attend a
school outside the student's district of residence
because of distance from school; lack of transportation;
or placement in a foster home, state or state-licensed
institution
child find
a series of public awareness efforts designed
to inform the community about available early
childhood intervention programs and services
child study team
see student intervention team
clubfoot
a congenital foot deformity in which one or both
feet are turned at the wrong angle at the ankle
cognition
the mental processes by which knowledge is acquired
cognitive
pertaining to thinking, knowing, understanding
or processing information
comprehensive developmental assessment (CDA)
evaluation of a preschool child to determine
the child's need for preschool special education
services
conduct disorder a disorder characterized by acting-out, aggressive,
and disruptive behavior
conductive hearing loss a condition that reduces the intensity of sound waves
reaching the auditory nerve in the inner ear
congenital
present at birth
contingency contract in behavior modification, a written agreement between
a student and adults stating what the consequences
will be for specific behavior
contractures permanent shortening of muscles and connective tissues
due to spasm or paralysis
controlled substance by federal definition, "a drug or other substance identified
under schedules I, II, III, IV, or V in section
202(c) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C.
812(c))." Examples include narcotics, opiates,
hallucinogens, stimulants, depressants, and anabolic
steroids. The term does not include distilled
spirits, wine, malt beverages, or tobacco.
cooperative learning
placing students in small groups for the purpose
of working toward a common academic goal
corporal punishment any kind of punishment inflicted upon the body, such
as spanking
criterion-referenced test a test that measures how well an individual student
performs compared to some established standard
of performance (level of mastery)
critical learning stage that time when a student who has mastered a concept
or skill in one setting is ready to generalize
what has been learned within other settings
cystic fibrosis an inherited disease that causes chronic respiratory
and digestive problems
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D
dangerous
weapon
by federal definition, "a weapon, device, instrument,
material or substance, animate or inanimate, that
is used for, or is readily capable of, causing
death or serious bodily injury, excluding a pocket
knife with a blade of less than 2 1/2 inches in
length."
day
by federal definition, a calendar day, unless
otherwise indicated as a business day or school
day
deafness
a hearing impairment so severe that it impairs
processing linguistic information through hearing,
with or without amplification; a category of special
education
degenerative in reference to a disease, growing worse with the passage
of time
depression
a mental disorder that includes altered mood,
sleep or appetite problems, change in weight,
agitation or lethargy, loss of interest or pleasure
in normal activities, fatigue, diminished ability
to think or concentrate, feelings of worthlessness,
and recurrent thoughts of death or suicide
developmental disability chronic disability caused by a mental or physical impairment
and resulting in severe limitations in self-help,
communication, learning, mobility, or independent
living; for state eligibility purposes: autism,
cerebral palsy, severe epilepsy, or mental retardation
diabetes
a metabolic disease in which insufficient insulin
is produced by the body to control blood sugar
levels
direct instruction a systematic, teacher-initiated method of teaching
based on an academic subject's scope and sequence
skills
disability
a physical or psychological condition that interferes
with a child's ability to normally develop, learn
or relate with others
discipline
training that molds character and orderly thought
and action
distractibility inability to attend to the appropriate or relevant
stimuli in a given situation
Division of Developmental Disabilities
a state agency responsible for providing child
welfare services for developmentally disabled
children and their families
Down Syndrome a chromosomal disorder with characteristic flat facial
features, mental retardation and other congenital
defects
DSM IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, Fourth Edition) publication of the American Psychiatric Association
that contains widely used diagnostic classifications
for mental disorders
due process the right of a citizen to protest before any government
acts to deprive him or her of the rights to life,
liberty or property; parents' and children's right
to disagree with the plan of goals and services
of an individualized education program
dyslexia
impaired reading ability
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E
echolalia
a tendency, sometimes observed in autistic children,
to persistently repeat (echo) the words and phrases
of others
educable mentally handicapped
see mild mental
retardation
Education for All Handicapped Children Act of
1975 (PL 94-142)
a comprehensive federal law requiring public schools
to identify, evaluate, and provide free, appropriate
educational services for students with disabilities
(also see Individuals
With Disabilities Education Act)
educational disadvantage
by state definition, "a condition which has limited
a child's opportunity for educational experience
resulting in a child, who does not have a disability...
achieving less than a normal level of learning
development"
emotional lability
frequent mood changes
emotionally disabled
having a long-standing, severe condition that
adversely affects personal adjustment, social
relationships and learning; a category of special
education
encopresis
an inability to control defecation (eliminating
solid wastes)
enuresis
an inability to control urination, particularly
with reference to bed-wetting
epilepsy
a seizure disorder caused by abnormal, excessive
brain discharges
ethnicity
a distinct group of people recognized as a class
based upon characteristics, such as religion,
language, ancestry, culture, or national origin
evaluation
procedures used to determine whether a student
is disabled and the nature of the special education
and related services the student needs
exceptional child
by state definition, "a gifted child or a child
with a disability"
expulsion
the permanent withdrawal of a student's privilege
to attend school, unless the governing board of
a school district reinstates the privilege
extended school year services
a summer program for special education students
who lose important skills (such as those related
to self-sufficiency, socialization, communication
and academics) because of regular breaks in instruction
and who require an excessive amount of time to
regain those skills
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F
Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974
(FERPA)
federal legislation that guarantees access to
educational records by parents and eligible students
while preventing the disclosure of records without
their consent
fetal alcohol syndrome
a condition associated with excessive use
of alcohol during pregnancy; the child's defects
can range from mild to severe, and can include
brain damage, retarded growth and mental development,
hyperactivity, and heart failure
fine motor skills
small muscle movements such as those involved
in eye-hand coordination, reaching, grasping and
manipulating objects
flat affect
a lack of emotional responsiveness
fluency disorders
interruptions of the natural, smooth flow of speech
by inappropriate hesitations, pauses or repetitions
free appropriate public education (FAPE)
special education and related services provided
at public expense and in conformance with federal
and state regulatory requirements to meet the
individual educational needs of disabled students
functional assessment of behavior
a way to systematically identify positive and
negative behaviors by observing a student to develop
behavior intervention strategies
functional skills tasks and activities most often required in everyday
life
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G
general curriculum the content of the curriculum adopted by the governing
board of each school district
generalization the transfer of a learned response from one situation
to others that are similar to the original
gifted describing
students who show high levels of intellectual
ability, creativity or accomplishment
glaucoma
a condition in which there is excessive pressure
in the eyeball that results in blindness if untreated
grade equivalent score refers to the level of test performance of an average
student at that grade level, e.g., a score of
4.6 means that on a particular test, the student
scored the same as other students in the 6th month
of the 4th grade.
gross motor skills large muscle movements such as sitting, crawling, standing
and walking
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H
hearing impairment a hearing disability ranging from mild to profoundly severe;
a category of special education
hemiplegia
paralysis of either the right or left side of
the body
hemophilia
an inherited blood disorder of males in which
the blood lacks enough clotting factor to stop
bleeding when wounds occur
homebound (or hospitalized)
referring to a student who is certified by a doctor
as unable to attend school due to illness, accident
or other health problems for at least three school
months or for intermittent periods of time totaling
three school months during the school year
hyperactivity; hyperkinesis
excessive movement or restlessness often accompanied
by inattention and impulsivity
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I
illegal drug by federal definition, a controlled substance, but
not a substance that is legally possessed or used
under the supervision of a licensed health-care
professional or that is legally possessed or used
under Federal law. See controlled
substance.
impulsivity
the tendency to react quickly and inappropriately
to a situation rather than to take the time to
consider alternatives and to choose carefully
incontinent unable to control the excretory functions
independent education evaluation
an evaluation conducted by a qualified evaluator
who is not employed by the public education agency
responsible for the education of the student
individualized education program (IEP)
by state definition, "a written statement for
providing special education services to a child
with a disability that includes the pupil's present
levels of educational performance, the annual
goals and the short-term measurable objectives
for evaluating progress toward those goals and
the specific special education and related services
to be provided"
individualized education program team (IEP team)
a student's parents and a team of knowledgeable
educators authorized to write an appropriate educational
program for a special education student
individualized family service plan (IFSP)
a written plan like an IEP but for an infant or
toddler (from birth through two years of age)
Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
passed by Congress
in 1990 and most recently re-authorized in 1997;
amendments to and the continuation of The
Education of the Handicapped Act
Infants and Toddlers with Disabilities Program
that part of the Individuals with
Disabilities Education Act requiring the states
to develop a coordinated, comprehensive, multidisciplinary
system to provide early intervention services
for children (and their families) under three
years of age who have disabilities or who are
at risk of substantial developmental delays
instructional objectives in an IEP, the measurable steps to be taken to achieve
the annual goals
integration mixing disabled and non disabled individuals in education
and community environments
intervention a method or strategy designed to change an individual's
behavioral, medical, or health status
IQ (intelligence quotient)
a measure of intelligence obtained from an intelligence
test and usually expressed as a standard score
with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of
15 or 16 depending upon the test being used
itinerant teacher
regularly goes from school to school to consult
with other teachers and provide special instruction
for disabled students
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J
juvenile arthritis
rheumatoid arthritis affecting children; characterized
by inflammation of the joints, pain, swelling
and structural changes
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L
lead poisoning usually results from children ingesting paint peeling off
the walls of old buildings; produces a toxic effect
on the central nervous system that can result
in mental retardation
learning disability see specific learning
disability
least restrictive environment
the educational setting that lets an exceptional
student participate as much as possible in the
regular classroom but that still meets the student's
special needs
legally blind
having visual acuity of 20/200 or less in the
better eye after correction or a field of vision
reduced by an angle of 20 degrees or less in the
better eye
leukemia
a disease in which abnormally high levels of white
blood cells are produced in the blood or bone
marrow; symptoms include anemia, infections, bleeding,
fatigue, and bone pain
limited English proficient (LEP)
by state definition, "having a low level of skill
in comprehending, speaking, reading or writing
English because of being from an environment in
which another language is spoken"
local education agency (LEA)
either a public school district or county accommodation
school
logical consequences events that follow behavior within a normal social
environment
long-term suspension the temporary withdrawal of a student's privilege to
attend school for more than 10 school days
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M
mainstreaming
placing disabled students into regular education
classes while meeting their individual needs
manifestation hearing
a meeting held in response to the misconduct of
a disabled student to determine if the misconduct
was substantially related to the student's disability.
mastery learning
a teaching method based upon analyzing and organizing
teaching objectives, teaching, testing for mastery
of objectives, and reteaching as needed
mean in reference to testing and measurement, the average
of all of the scores in a set of scores
mediation an informal means by which parties to a dispute use
a mediator to resolve the disagreement
meningitis a condition resulting from bacterial infection and
consequent inflammation of the membranes of the
spinal cord or brain; a potential cause of deafness,
blindness, and mental retardation
mental retardation
a condition occurring during the developmental
period, characterized by below normal general
intelligence and difficulty coping with the social
demands of a person's environment; traditionally
defined as an IQ score below 70 with impaired
adaptive behavior
mild mental retardation
describing students who have significantly below
average intelligence, underachieve, learn at a
slower rate than normal children, and have more
difficulty functioning within their social environment;
a category of special education for such students
minimal brain dysfunction; minimal brain damage
poorly defined terms applied to children who show
behavioral characteristics (e.g., hyperactivity,
distractibility) thought to be associated with
brain damage
minimum competency tests
tests used by states and school districts to ensure
that student promotions and graduations are based
on mastery of certain basic skills
minority a group within a country that differs in race, religion
or national origin from the larger part of the
population
modeling demonstrating to others how to perform particular behaviors
moderate mental retardation
a level of intellectual retardation of students
who generally have an IQ between 40 and 55, a
slow rate of development, and semi-dependence
throughout life; they potentially can learn self-care
and some functional academic and vocational skills;
a category of special education
morphology the study of word formation; of how adding or deleting
parts of words changes their meaning
motivation the process of taking action as a result of an incentive
motor skills
learned skills involving physical dexterity or
the coordination of muscular movements
multidisciplinary evaluation team
by state definition, "a team of persons including
at least one teacher or other specialist with
knowledge in the area of suspected disability,
that determines whether a child is eligible for
special education based on evaluation results"
multiple disabilities
having more than one disability, such as emotionally
disabled and mentally retarded; a category of
special education
multiple disabilities with severe sensory impairment
having more than one disability, including a severe
visual or hearing impairment; a category of special
education
multiple sclerosis
a chronic, slowly progressive disease of the nervous
system that causes weakness or paralysis, poor
coordination, mental disturbances, impaired sensation,
and visual problems
muscular dystrophy
a disease of muscles that causes weakness and
atrophy of the skeletal muscles with increasing
disability and deformity as the disease progresses
myopia nearsightedness;
caused by an eyeball that is too long
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N
native language
by federal definition, the language
normally used by the child in the home or learning
environment, and for an individual with deafness
or blindness, or with no written language, the
mode of communication normally used by the individual
(such as sign language, Braille, or oral communication)
negative reinforcement
increasing the probability of a response by ending
or withdrawing an unpleasant stimulus upon completion
of the response
nephritis
inflammation of the kidney that can develop from
a complication of strep throat or scarlet fever
and result in kidney failure
norm-referenced test
a test that compares a student's score to the
scores of a representative group of students the
same age
nystagmus
a condition characterized by rapid, involuntary
movements of the eyes
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O
occupational therapist a specialist in assessing and providing therapy for
students who have difficulty performing self-help,
play or perceptual-motor skills such as paper
and pencil use and eye-hand coordination
ophthalmologist a medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing and
treating eye defects and diseases
orientation and mobility training
teaching visually impaired students how to improve
their awareness of their position in space and
their relation to objects in space (orientation),
and to move about independently, safely and purposefully
(mobility)
orthopedic
concerning how to prevent or correct disorders
of the skeleton, muscles, joints or connective
tissues
orthopedic impairment having a condition that impairs the normal development of
muscle activities (e.g., having spina bifida,
cerebral palsy, or loss of limbs); a category
of special education
other health impairments
chronic health problems such as severe asthma,
epilepsy, hemophilia, heart problems and diabetes;
a category of special education
otitis media
inflammation of the middle ear
overlearning
practice that is continued beyond the point of
mere mastery of memorized material or of a skill
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P
paraplegia
paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the
body
parent by state definition, "a natural or adoptive parent
of a child, the legal guardian of a child, a relative
with whom a child resides and who is acting as
the parent of that child, a surrogate parent who
has been appointed for a child...or a person who
has a power of attorney to act on behalf of the
natural or adoptive parent of a child in educational
decisions. Parent does not mean this state (Arizona)
if the child is a ward of the state"
parole conditional release from prison or jail after all or
part of a sentence has been served
percentile rank
a derived test score that indicates what percentage
of the norm group was exceeded by the individual's
score, e.g., a percentile rank of 47 means the
student scored better than did 47 percent (47
out of 100) students.
perception the ability to organize and interpret sensory information
perceptual-motor
skills such as paper and pencil use and eye-hand
coordination
perseveration
persistently repeating an activity or behavior
pervasive developmental disorder a developmental disability similar to autism but with
fewer abnormal symptoms
phenylketonuria (PKU)
a hereditary disease that results in severe mental
retardation if not treated early
phobia an irrational or debilitating fear
phonation the processes involved in controlling breathing to
produce speech sounds
phonology the study of how individual sounds make up words
physical handicap
see orthopedic
impairment
physical therapist
a specialist who assesses and treats deficits
in gross motor, fine motor and self-help skills
positive reinforcement
the increased probability that a response will
result after giving a reward or stimulus
pragmatics the study of the functional (social) use of language
rather than its mechanics
prior written notice
means by which parents are informed in advance
of actions proposed or refused by the school in
reference to special education referrals, evaluations,
and services
pre-academic skills
skills needed before formal teaching can begin,
such as identifying colors, shapes, letters and
numbers
precision teaching
instruction involving (1) pinpointing behaviors
to be changed, (2) measuring the frequency of
behaviors, (3) designing teaching plans or intervention
procedures, (4) measuring performance continuously
and directly, and (5) graphing data to analyze
trends and ensure that aims are met
preschool moderate delay
moderately subnormal development in cognitive,
physical, communication, social or emotional,
or adaptive functioning; a category of special
education for preschool children
preschool severe delay
severely deficient development in cognitive, physical,
communication, social or emotional, or adaptive
functioning; a category of special education for
preschool children
preschool speech/language delay characteristic of a preschool child having at least
moderately delayed speech or language development;
a category special education
prior written notice
means by which parents are informed whenever a
school proposes or refuses to initiate or change
the provision of a free appropriate public education
to the child, including identification, evaluation,
or educational placement
probation allowing offenders of the law to go free under supervision
without receiving the punishment they are sentenced
to
problem solving
a systematic means of developing alternative solutions
to problem situations and analyzing the possible
effects of taking those alternatives
progressive in reference to a disease, increasing in severity over
time
psychiatrist
a medical doctor with additional training in diagnosing
and treating mental illness
psychologist
a specialist in evaluating, diagnosing and treating
students with social, emotional, behavioral, learning
or developmental problems
psychometrist
a person trained in testing the psychological
characteristics of students
psychomotor concerning the physical activities associated with
mental processes
punishment an event that immediately follows a behavior and results
in that behavior being reduced or eliminated
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Q
quadriplegia paralysis of both arms and legs
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R
readiness skills skills needed before academics can be learned, such
as knowing letter names, following directions,
and attending to tasks
redirection
a non-punitive behavioral intervention strategy
in which children are lead to adopt acceptable
substitute behaviors for their inappropriate actions
referral
see special education
referral
regression
the loss of learned skills or acquired knowledge
during a break in instruction
regular education initiative
a movement in the United States to make general
education, rather than special education, more
responsible for the education of disabled children
reinforcement
any event or procedure that brings about learning
or increases the frequency of a response, such
as a reward
related services
transportation and other support services, such
as speech or physical therapy, required for a
disabled student to benefit from special education
reliability
in reference to tests, the ability of a test to
give the same or similar scores time after time
remedial instruction
supplemental instruction designed to help students
with learning problems develop the skills needed
for success within the regular classroom
residential treatment center (RTC) a private institution licensed by the Arizona Department
of Economic Security or Department of Health Services
to provide residential care and treatment, and
approved by the Department of Education to provide
special education services
resource classroom
a separate classroom in which students with disabilities
typically receive specialized instruction for
short periods of time during the school day
resource teacher
a special education teacher who provides instructional
services to students with disabilities in a resource
classroom
retrolental fibroplasia (RLF) a disease of the retina in which scar tissue forms
behind the lens; it occurs in premature infants
who receive excessive oxygen, and it causes blindness
reverse mainstreaming
placing non disabled students in classes in which
most of the students are disabled
rheumatic fever
a complication arising from untreated strep throat
or scarlet fever that causes damage to the heart
valves
rheumatoid arthritis
a systemic disease that causes inflammation and
often destruction of the joints, which results
in deformity
Ritalin (methylphenidate hydrochloride)
a central nervous system stimulant medication
used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder
role playing
having students act out desired social behaviors
under controlled conditions
rubella (German measles)
a childhood disease which, if contracted during
pregnancy, may result in the infant being born
with birth defects, especially congenital cataract
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S
schizophrenia a severe disorder characterized by bizarre behavior,
distortions of thinking and abnormal perceptions
school day by federal definition, any day (including a partial
day) in which students are attending school for
instructional purposes
school phobia
fear of going to school, usually accompanied by
signs of anxiety
scoliosis
curvature of the spine, either congenital or acquired
from poor posture or disease
Section 504
that part of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act
of 1973 requiring that people with disabilities
have reasonable access to jobs, education, housing
and public facilities
self-contained classroom
a separate classroom in which special education
students receive specialized instruction for all
or most of the school day
semantics
the study of meaning, especially in language
sensorineural hearing loss a defect of the inner ear or the auditory nerve in
transmitting impulses to the brain
severe mental retardation
a term applied to retarded students whose IQ scores
fall below 40; they usually have physical and
sensory impairments as well; a category of special
education for such students
shaping
gradually molding responses to a final desired
pattern by reinforcing successive approximations
of it
short-term suspension
the temporary withdrawal of a student's privilege
to attend school for 10 or fewer school days
sickle cell anemia
a hereditary blood disease caused by abnormal
hemoglobin in the red blood cells
slow learner
an imprecise term describing students who have
significantly below average intelligence but are
not considered retarded
socially maladjusted
violating laws or community standards but conforming
to standards of some social subgroup, such as
a gang; by state definition, "a person who chooses
the inappropriate behavior in the nature of an
antisocial behavior, a behavior disorder, or a
conduct disorder which is exhibited to reach a
goal"
social skills training
a systematic way to teach adaptive social behavior
that includes assessing skills, modeling, and
role playing
spasticity
excessive tension of muscles and resistance to
extension or flexion, as in cerebral palsy
special education
adjustments to the school environment, modifications
in curricula and adaptations in teaching provided
in order for a gifted or disabled student to receive
an appropriate education
special education referral
a written request for an evaluation to determine
if a student qualifies for special education services
specific learning disability
a general term referring to a group of disorders
that usually involves problems in understanding
or using spoken or written language or mathematics;
a category of special education
speech/language impairment
a disability involving impaired receptive or expressive
language skills, stuttering or serious articulation
problems; a category of special education
speech pathologist
a specialist in evaluating, diagnosing and treating
students with communication disorders
speechreading
a method some hearing impaired students use to
recognize spoken words by watching the speaker's
lips, face, and gestures
spina bifida
a congenital defect in which the spinal column
is imperfectly closed, often resulting in hydrocephalus
and other neurological disorders
standard deviation
a measure of the amount by which an individual
test score differs from the mean (average) score
standard score
in reference to testing, a derived score that
shows how far a given score is above or below
the average score of the norm group
standardized tests
assessment instruments that include precise instructions
for administering and scoring, and that meet certain
validity and reliability criteria
state supported institution (SSI) any state agency that operates a school or receives
state or federal special education funds, e.g.,
the Division of Developmental Disabilities
stimulus
anything that serves to elicit a response
strabismus
a condition in which the eyes are crossed or directed
outward
stroke sudden
loss of consciousness followed by paralysis caused
by a hemorrhage in the brain
student intervention team a group of educators at a school who assist teachers
and parents with alternative teaching and behavior
management strategies for special needs students
supplementary aids and services
special education services provided in the regular
classroom, including adaptive physical education,
physical therapy, occupational therapy, an interpreter
for the deaf, a classroom aide, orientation and
mobility training, Braille, large print and other
low vision aids, or consultation by a special
education teacher
surrogate parent
a person appointed by the court to represent a
student in decisions regarding special education
suspension
the temporary withdrawal of a student's privilege
to attend school, usually for no more than ten
days
syntax the
way words are joined together to make meaningful
sentences
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T
task analysis
reducing complex tasks to their simpler parts
so that they can be taught more easily
time out
a short period of social isolation during which
a student cannot receive attention or earn rewards
total communication
teaching language to hearing impaired children
by combining aural, oral and manual methods
Tourette Syndrome
a rare neurological disease characterized by rapid,
involuntary movements (tics) accompanied by vocal
tics, such as clicks, grunts, coughs or obscenities
trainable mentally handicapped see moderate mental
retardation
transition services services needed to help special education students
make the transition from school to post-school
activities, such as college education, employment,
and independent living
traumatic brain injury a disabling brain injury caused by external or internal
trauma; a category of special education for children
with such a condition
tuberculosis an infectious disease usually affecting the respiratory
system; symptoms include cough, fatigue, weight
loss, and fever
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V
validity
in reference to tests, the extent to which a test
measures what it is suppose to measure
visual impairment limited vision that, even with correction, adversely
affects a child's educational performance; a category
of special education for children with such a
condition
voice disorders; voice impairments
inappropriate intensity, pitch, or quality of
vocal tone produced at the larynx and resonated
in the pharynx, oral cavity or nasal cavity
voucher system a system established by the State of Arizona to place
and pay for children needing residential placement
to receive appropriate special education services
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W
weapon in
relation to special education discipline, has
the meaning given to the term "dangerous weapon"
under paragraph (2) of the first subsection (g)
of section 930 of title 18, United States Code.
See dangerous weapon.
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